遣返不遣返?

最近總在赫爾辛基市中心看到零散的難民抗議,要求芬蘭政府不要遣返難民申請被拒絕的阿富汗人。示威者當中也有索馬里人和伊拉克人,因為上年五月這三個國家都被芬蘭政府認為比之前安全( improved security situation)。

芬蘭移民局(Maahanmuuttovirasto)去年的新聞公報摘錄如下:

The Finnish Immigration Service has also issued new guidelines concerning Afghanistan, Iraq and Somalia as a result of updating its assessments of the security situation in these countries. In the past few months, the security situation has gradually improved in all three countries, although it may have got worse at times for certain specific areas locally. Due to the improved security situation, it will be more difficult for applicants from these countries to be granted a residence permit on the basis of subsidiary protection.

通常我都在趕著上班,沒有多留意他們的實則訴求,我相信離不開都是芬蘭政府將難民送返戰區,十分不人道,沒有遵守某某條約之類。示威人士大多十分平靜,大家聚在一起,聊聊天喝點咖啡,有佔領旺角時打邊爐之感。在場芬蘭人看來都是進步大愛的左翼年輕hipster/ 大學生/ 素食者混合體,一如所料,沒有補充。

不過,我發現有個奇怪現象,就是難民抗議者都是男人,而同聲同氣的芬蘭人則大多數都是女人。我可以理解難民大多數都是男人,因為走難當然是男人佔先天優勢;只是,我真的沒有見過披頭巾的女性示威者。不是說遣返懷孕女性不人道嗎?(其實,芬蘭人對這些芬蘭女人的評論可以十分難聽,觀感有如娶泰妹的男人是個loser那樣,大家自己腦補吧。)

移民局其實一早戴定頭盔,新聞公報講明某些地方情況可能會變壞:In the past few months, the security situation has gradually improved in all three countries, although it may have got worse at times for certain specific areas locally. 但之後又補一句: when considering the issue of residence permits, the individual grounds for granting asylum or subsidiary protection are always assessed for each applicant. (你講哂啦!)

講到底,就是政府想要少一些難民。大家都是NIMBY,沒有誰比誰高尚。

老實講,怎樣才算安全呢?(我就認為香港也十分危險,被那麼多核電廠包圍住,又有解放軍駐紮,我還是回火星吧)整個難民問題本來就可圈可點,難道只有千辛萬苦走到跑到去歐洲的人才是難民、才值得救嗎?無力離開的人又怎樣?「救得邊個?」的問題,大家都會問,打仗的地方那麼多,極權國家那麼多,從何入手?

而且難民和移民是不是同樣的概念呢?接收難民是一件事,讓他們避開一時的死劫或虐待;但是否應該要讓他們融入新社會,還是應該確保他們的祖國會回復和平、建立民主政府,讓他們安全回國,將西方有用的思想和技術帶回故鄉,才算是在地的解決問題?

進步左翼說不,要讓難民留下,他們已經選擇了奔向西方,不應送走他們。ok, fine, 但要這些所謂第三世界的人融入西方國家,是否天方夜譚?(不過進步左翼可能認為擁抱多元就夠,融入則是不必。)當芬蘭是個碩士畢業生也找不到工作的國家,那些沒有機會讀書的第三世界難民該從何開始融入芬蘭社會?

近年芬蘭開始為文盲「移民」辦芬蘭文課。也許過了兩三年,他們能夠應付到日常生活,出門買菜辦事,但到底有幾多人最後可以「貢獻」芬蘭稅局、為老化社會出一分力呢…?

HS aikuislukio

例如Helsingin aikuislukio(赫爾辛基成人高中)去年就辦了kurssit luku- ja kirjoitustaidottomille(為文盲而設的課程)。

9789521329937

還出了讓文盲學習讀寫的書本:「Aasta se alkaa」即是由A開始

老實看看Statistics Finland 2015年12月的報告,現實總歸現實:在芬蘭住夠十年就可以在求職市場與芬蘭人平起平坐啦!

我就摘錄幾段:

誰在芬蘭找到工作?>>高學歷、歐美人士、芬蘭文流利

Highly educated people and those coming from Estonia, EU and EFTA countries, as well as North America have had it easiest to find employment. Persons who have moved for work or studying have also found employment well, as have those who speak Finnish at least on an advanced level.

難民找到工作嗎?>>在芬蘭住夠十年的難民,有一半人找到工作。(2014年數據)

Even though the employment situation is hardest for those with refugee background, one-in-two persons with refugee background, who had lived in Finland for over ten years, were employed in 2014.

外國人工作真的可以與芬蘭人平起平坐嗎?>>外國人多數從事服務業或初級職位、工時比較長、合約比較不穩定

Persons of foreign background were employed as service and sales workers and in elementary occupations more often than those of Finnish background in 2014. The employment relationship of wage and salary earners of foreign background was more often fixed-term or part-time or temporary agency work than of persons of Finnish background.  The working hours of persons of foreign background were also atypical more often than those of persons of Finnish background.

要用十年才有一半難民背景人士在芬蘭找到工作…

難民福利,我不太熟悉,不過融入課程福利(為期兩三年)加住屋福利(不知道多少年)就肯定少不了,醫療和教育當然也是免費。

還需要補充嗎?

#道德有價

#要解決人類問題不如先解決人類

#我認我係衰人不是聖人沒有光環

#我是窮人

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幾年前,我在洗大餅的時候,遇過一位伊朗的同事。她人很好,做事勤奮,見我沒有圍裙還送我一條;收工已是夜深,寒風刺骨,小鎮巴士一小時一班,我沒有單車,她就叫她老公順便送我一程,到現在想起來還是十分感動。

但我還記得一件小事,就是每次收工我們都要簽名sign out,每次她都叫我幫她簽,每次她都告訴我她的名字,簽完之後,她又會問我一次是否簽了。

外國人的無力感,很多時是來自這些小事。

 

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